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Article Dans Une Revue Journal of Personality Année : 2021

International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries

Erica Baranski
Kate Sweeny
Gwendolyn Gardiner
  • Fonction : Auteur
David Funder
  • Fonction : Auteur

Résumé

Abstract Objective The current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world. Method Dispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries ( N = 15,185; mean age = 21.92; 77% female). Mean‐level differences in optimism were computed along with their relationships with individual and country‐level variables. Results Worldwide, mean optimism levels were above the midpoint of the scale. Perhaps surprisingly, country‐level optimism was negatively related to gross domestic product per capita, population density, and democratic norms and positively related to income inequality and perceived corruption. However, country‐level optimism was positively related to projected economic improvement. Individual‐level optimism was positively related to individual well‐being within every country, although this relationship was less strong in countries with challenging economic and social circumstances. Conclusions While individuals around the world are generally optimistic, societal characteristics appear to affect the degree to which their optimism is associated with psychological well‐being, sometimes in seemingly anomalous ways.

Domaines

Psychologie

Dates et versions

hal-04258399 , version 1 (25-10-2023)

Identifiants

Citer

Erica Baranski, Kate Sweeny, Gwendolyn Gardiner, David Funder, Christelle Maisonneuve. International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries. Journal of Personality, 2021, 89 (2), pp.288-304. ⟨10.1111/jopy.12582⟩. ⟨hal-04258399⟩
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